GDP

What this page measures

GDP (current US$)current US$

Market value of all goods and services produced in a year, converted to US dollars at market exchange rates. Measured in current prices, so figures from different years are not directly comparable — part of any increase is inflation and currency movement rather than more output. Source: World Bank Open Data.

GDP per Capita (current US$)current US$

GDP divided by midyear population, at market exchange rates. Not adjusted for local price levels, so it understates real living standards in countries where goods and services are cheap. Source: World Bank Open Data.

GDP Growth% annual

Annual change in GDP measured at constant prices. Unlike the level figures, this series is adjusted for inflation, so it reflects real changes in output. Source: World Bank Open Data.

GDP (constant 2015 US$)constant 2015 US$

Total output valued at 2015 prices, so changes over time show real growth rather than inflation. Converted at 2015 exchange rates, which makes it the right series for tracking one country through time but a poorer one for comparing levels between countries. Source: World Bank Open Data.

GDP per Capita (constant 2015 US$)constant 2015 US$

Output per person at constant 2015 prices. Use this rather than the current-dollar series to ask whether a country actually produces more per person than it did a decade ago, since inflation is removed. Source: World Bank Open Data.

GDP per Capita, PPP (current international $)current international $

Output per person converted at purchasing-power-parity rates instead of market exchange rates, so a dollar buys a comparable basket of goods in every country. The standard measure for comparing material living standards across countries. Source: World Bank Open Data.

GDP per Capita, PPP (constant 2021 international $)constant 2021 international $

Purchasing-power-parity output per person held at constant 2021 prices, adjusted for both local price levels and inflation. The most directly comparable living-standards series on this site, across countries and across years. Source: World Bank Open Data.

GNI per Capita, Atlas Method (current US$)current US$

Income earned by a country's residents per person, smoothed over three years by the World Bank Atlas method. GNI counts income wherever residents earn it, so it diverges from GDP where foreign-owned profits or remittances are large. This is the series used to assign income groups. Source: World Bank Open Data.

Inflation, Consumer Prices% annual

Annual change in the cost of a representative basket of consumer goods and services. Each country sets its own basket and method, so the direction and size of movements travel better across borders than the exact levels. Source: World Bank Open Data.

Unemployment Rate% of labour force

Share of the labour force without work but available for and seeking employment, harmonised to the ILO definition. People who have stopped looking are outside the labour force and are not counted, so the rate can fall as discouragement rises. Source: World Bank Open Data.

Gini Indexindex (0–100)

Income inequality on a 0–100 scale, where 0 is perfect equality and 100 is one household holding all income. Built from household surveys run in different years and to different designs, so coverage is patchy and cross-country gaps of a point or two are not meaningful. Source: World Bank Open Data.

Female Labour Force Participation% of women 15+

Share of women aged 15 and over who are working or looking for work, modelled ILO estimate. Historically inversely related to fertility, though across rich countries the correlation has reversed since the 1980s — the highest-participation countries now tend to have the higher birth rates. Source: World Bank Open Data.

Exports of Goods and Services (% of GDP)% of GDP

Exported goods and services as a share of GDP — roughly, how exposed an economy is to world demand. Can exceed 100% in entrepôt economies where imports are processed and re-exported. Source: World Bank Open Data.

• —Headline GDP figures are at current US dollar prices; use the constant-price series to compare a country across years and the PPP series to compare countries with each other.
• —PPP conversions rest on international price surveys, which are themselves estimates and are revised when a new benchmark round is published.

Definitions for every indicator are listed in the glossary, and collection methods in the methodology.